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Many chemical reactions do not go to completion but instead attain a state of chemical equilibrium. First and second laws of thermodynamics, hesss law, entropy and free energy. The internal energy is the energy that the atoms and molecules of the material possess. Refers to the portion of universe which is under observation. Energy can be viewed as the ability to cause changes. Pdf chemical thermodynamics chem 180 general chemistry i. Notes on thermodynamics the topic for the last part of our physics class this quarter will be thermodynamics. You can also call it as revision notes for thermodynamics or cheat sheet of thermodynamics.
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