Kg a889 wb admixture lt group 2 mix cement super 20. Concrete containing slag is estimated to comprise approximately 20 percent of the hydraulic cement produced in europe. Grade 80 has a low activity index and is used primarily in mass structures because it generates less heat than portland cement. Blast furnace slag an overview sciencedirect topics. The slag is obtained by rapidly chilling the molten ash from the furnace by means of chilled water and is ground about 400 m2kg of fineness by using state of the art grinding mill to make ggbs. The xcoordinate indicates which product throughputs can be generated using the respective mills.
Granulated blast furnace slag isa glassy, noncrystalline material and possesses latent hydraulic property. Pdf the effect of ground, granulated blast furnace slag. Ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete and its. We comply european standard en 19712000 for slag cement. Researchers and engineers have come out with their own ideas to decrease or fully replace the use of river sand and use recent innovations such as manufactured sand msand, granulated blast furnace slag gbfs, stone crusher dust, quarry dust, washed. Pdf blast furnace slag is a byproduct from blast furnaces which is used to produce iron. Slag pellets were melted at 1500c in coke or coke analogue funnels feeding into channels of known diameter. Building materials from granulated blast furnace slagsome. When substituted for portland cement in quantities between 25% and 65%, slag cement plays a vital role in reducing permeability in concrete. Moisture measurement of grounded granulated blast furnace slag the ggbs is a byproduct in the steel industry and sold to the cement industry as aggregate. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is designated in astm c 989 and consists mainly of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium. The mixed amount of granular blast furnace slag in cement is 20% 70% by weight. You must manually click on the blast furnace foreman and engage in dialogue.
Investigation of use of slag aggregates and slag cements in. Ggbs cement also produces a smoother, more defect free surface, due to the fineness of. Properties of hardened concrete with blast furnace slag. The report discusses acbfs aggregate production and properties, and the properties of concrete produced with acbfs coarse aggregate. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag is highly cementitious and high in csh calcium silicate hydrates which is a strength enhancing. It predicts a small shortage in the uk in 2016 and subsequent years, indicating that supply in the. Another strategy to limit the amount of portland cement used in concrete is to add gypsum caso 4 2h 2o or anhydrite caso 4 to make supersulfated cement. Properties of concrete with ground granulated blast. Licence is granted to use standard mark on ground granulated blast furnace slag for use in cement, mortar and concrete as per is 16714. The effect of chemical composition of blastfurnace slag on. While blast furnace slag has a long history of use as an industrial byproduct, going back almost 100 years in the united states and 150 years in europe 8, steel slag was less popular. Effect of limestone powder and gypsum on the compressive.
Fresh and hardened properties of ground granulated blast. Blast furnace slag is used predominately as base and concrete aggregate. Ordinary portland cement referred to as cement hereafter with a strength grade of 42. Various types of slag from copper and steel industry are being used in mortar and concrete pundhir et al.
The latent hydraulic property of the blast furnace slag gives excellent longterm strength. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs conventionally has been incorporated with ordinary portland cement opc owing to reduce the environmental load and enhance the engineering performance. Standard specification for ground granulated blastfurnace. Iron cement or eisen cement, which is a mixture of slag and ordinary portland cement. Portland blast furnace slag cement is a mixture of ordinary portland cement and not more than 65 wt. This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the graduate school at. Effect of limestone powder and gypsum on the compressive strength mixture design of blast furnace slag blended cement mortar. Slag portland cement, which may be a true portland cement. Is, portland blast furnace slag cement, or it can be added at the concrete plant to make slag concrete.
Iron and steel slag products are used in a variety of areas where their unique characteristics are put to effective use. Tiger portland blast furnace slag cement is special blended cement with low heat of hydration characteristics for mass concreting. Molten slag diverted from the iron blast furnace is rapidly chilled, producing glassy granules that yield. Slag cement, or ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs, has been incorporated into concrete projects in the u. Use of blast furnace slag as an alternative of natural sand. Effect of blast furnace slag powder on compressive strength. The width of the fields is a measurement of the output factor. This material is obtained by the heating of iron ore, limestone and coke at a temperature about 1500 degree celsius. Using slag cement in concrete can greatly decrease the amount of portland cement typically used for a specific mixture of concrete. They include portland cement as covered by aashto m85 2, portland blast furnace slag cement blended cement type is, and slag cement slag cement type s as per aashto m240.
The ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is a byproduct of iron manufacturing which when added to concrete improves its properties such as workability, strength and durability. Strength development characteristics of concrete produced. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs is a wellknown supplementary cementitious material which contributes to reduction of energy and co2 emissions from cement industry. The slag shall contain no additions and shall conform to the sulfide sulfur and sulfate chemical composition requirement. Portland blast furnace slag cement tiger cement is the leading exporter and supplier of slag cement from pakistan. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag cement is a supplementary cementitious material scm. The samples of the cement composites were prepared with the following types of cements. G the ggbs complies with all the specifications required by en 151761 2006, and was added separately in the mixer. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag is highly cementitious and high in csh. Ggbfs is divided into three classifications based on its activity index.
This report presents available information regarding the use of aircooled blast furnace slag acbfs as coarse aggregate in concrete pavements. Experimental behavior of reinforced concrete with partial replacement of cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag m. Effect of particlesize of blast furnace slag on properties of. Although portland blast furnace slag cement, which is made by intergrinding the granulated slag with portland cement clinker blended cement, has been used for more than 60 years, the use of separately ground slag combined with portland cement at the mixer as a mineral admixture did not. Blast furnace slag is a byproduct from blast furnaces which is used to produce iron. Cementitious applications of ground iron blast furnace slag by donald w.
Ground granulated blast furnace ggbf slag used in concrete. The mineralogical phase composition of the pozzo lan was determined by the use of powder xray. Slag cement granulated blast furnace slag 11 benefits of the concretes produced with blast furnace slag cement hydration the reaction between blast furnace slag cement and water is a complicated process. Slag cement, has been incorporated into concrete projects for over a century to improve durability and reduce life cycle costs. The majority of the demand for these products comes from the field of cement. Blastfurnace slag is used in makingfour classes of cement puzzolan, or ordinary slag cement, usually simply called slag cement. Effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag as partial. Pdf immobilization of cesium with alkaliactivated blast. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a wellknown supplementary cementitious material which contributes to reduction of energy and co2 emissions from cement industry. Gruyaert, effect of blastfurnace slag as cement replacement on hydration, microstructure, strength and durability of concrete, ghent university. Gopinath3 1,2,final year student, department of civil engineering, sathyabama university, chennai, india. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Torii k, sasatani t, kawamura m 1995 effects of fly ash, blast furnace slag, and silica fume on resistance of mortar to calcium chloride attack. Note 1 the material described in this specification may be used for blending with portland cement to produce a cement meeting the requirements of specification c 595 or as a separate.
Slag is primarily composed of cao, sio 2, aluminum oxide al 2 o 3, and magnesium oxide mgo. This is because steelmaking slag has relatively low hydraulicity and a problem with volumetric expansion. Properties significant chemoresistance, and suppression of alkaliaggregate reaction type b and c. Concrete qualities with four different ggbs contents expressed as percentage of the mass of portland cement, in. Effect of blastfurnace slag as cement replacement on. Moreover, deep bluegreen color shown by interior part of slag concrete and can be noticed from slag concrete broken parts, for example, after compressive strength test. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs, manufactured from a byproduct of the ironmaking industry, is one of the most common, and most sustainable, substitutes.
The ground granulated blast furnace slag used was slagg bremen, imported from holcim deutschland a. Portland blastfurnace slag cement definition of portland. Portland blast furnace slag cement definition is a cement produced by intimately intergrinding a mixture of portland cement clinker and granulated blast furnace slag in widely varying proportions. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs, sometimes simply. A portland cement mixed with a designated amount of ground granulated blast furnace slag. Composition, specifications and conformity criteria. While there are many applications and benefits of slag cement, a few are highlighted below and detailed information sheets are located here. Alkaliactivated slag cements are portland cementfree binders produced through the chemical reaction between an alkaline activator and ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs. The blast furnace can be accessed in east keldagrim by going downstairs in the building with the furnace icon. Hydration and temperature development of concrete made with. Slag cement is a hydraulic cement formed when granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is ground to suitable fineness and is used to replace a portion of portland cement. Due to light color of blast furnace slag, color of slag concrete is lighter in comparison with conventional concrete.
Effect of particlesize of blast furnace slag on properties of portland cement. Samples of ground granulated blastfurnace slag are sent, periodically, to an independent laboratory for testing. The coordinates of the grinding table diameter and number of rollers can be read off from the table. Ggbf slag has been used in concrete in japan and western europe since the 1940s. Chemical admixtures and ground granulated blastfurnace slag. The glass content of slags suitable for blending with portland cement typically varies between.
Groundgranulated blastfurnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron. Blast furnace slagmgoh2 cements activated by sodium carbonate. Concrete with ggbfs shows different strength development of normal concrete, but sensitive, to exterior condition. Application of steel slag sand results reduced the cement clinker dosage and increasing the content of industrial waste products. Ground granulated blast furnace slag 71112 following is a list of slag cement suppliers approved to supply the indicated brand of ggbfs to department work in accordance with the current provisions of both ground granulated blast furnace slag 71112, and materials method 10. Analysis of slag flow in blast furnace during the extraction. It is generally recognized that the rate of hardening of slag cement is somewhat slower than that of ordinary portland cement during the first 28 days but thereafter increases so that at 12 months the strengths become close to or even exceed those of.
Whereas for portland cement the standardized curves qq max are independent of the temperature. Use of aircooled blast furnace slag as coarse aggregate in. The use of cement replacements provides opportunities for significant reductions in energy use and carbon dioxide emissions. Durability properties and microstructure of ground. In comparison, the production of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs requires less than a fifth of the energy and produces less than a tenth of the carbon dioxide emissions. Approximately 40% of iron and steel slag products, and 60% of blast furnace slag, are used in cement. The reason can be found in that the hydration of slag cement is composed of. However, this statement can be considered only partially correct. This can perhaps be explained by the vast amount of blast furnace slag available 6. Among its measurable benefits in concrete are better workability and finish ability, higher compressive aggressive chemicals. Blast furnace slag cement an overview sciencedirect topics. Lewis, chief engineer aci convention, march 8, 1984 iron blast furnace slag in the process of extracting iron from ores, a blast furnace is charged with the ores, flux stones and coke.
Blastfurnace cement definition and meaning collins. The ground granulated blast furnace slag is a byproduct of iron manufacturing industry. Replacement of fine aggregate by granulated blast furnace. This product is intended to be used in concrete either as a component of composite cements such as blastfurnace cement high slag blastfurnace cement or as a direct addition to the concrete mix by the concrete producer. In contrast, steelmaking slag, the second largest byproduct in the steel industry, is mostly used as a filler material in embankment construction. The ingredients, proportions and physical requirements of type is cement are listed in astm c595, standard specification for blended hydraulic cements.
Nonportland cement activation of blast furnace slag. Proceedings of 5th international conference on fly ash, silica fume, slag, and natural pozzolans in concrete, sp153, vol. Mercury intrusion porosimetry and and compressive strength tests assessed. It is a recovered industrial byproduct of an iron blast furnace. Although partial replacement of cement by scm reduced the cement consumption, it. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag, more commonly referred to as slag or slag cement, is a byproduct of steel production. The use of granulated blast furnace slag gbfs as an aggregate in cement mortar and concrete provides environmental as well as economic. The solidification and stabilization of calcium carbide residue ccr using granulated blast furnace slag was investigated in this study. Granulated blast furnace slag is the by product obtained in the manufacture of pig iron in blast furnaces at around 1400 to 1500c in the molten form.
May 20, 2014 ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs is a green construction material used to produce durable concrete. Characteristics of portland blastfurnace slag cement. The exploitation of blast furnace slag as sand replacement. It was determined that there is a minimum channel diameter needed to allow free flow of slag. Group 1 and group 2 mixesgroup 1 and group 2 mixes admix group 1 cement wb lt wrd mix no. Effect of blast furnace slag powder on compressive. Iron ore, coke and limestone are fed into the furnace and the resulting molten slag floats above the molten iron at a temperature of about 15000c to 16000c. For sustainable development in the construction industry, blast furnace slag has been used as a substitute for cement in concrete. Introduction to ground granulated blastfurnace slag. Thus, a precise strength evaluation technique based on a quantitative. Blast furnace slag is the glassy granular material formed when molten blast furnace slag is rapidly chilled, as by immersion in water virgalitte et al. Production of portland blast furnace slag cement began in 1910, and the japanese national standard for portland blast furnace slag cement jes 29 was formulated in 1926. Concrete made with ggbs cement sets more slowly than concrete made with ordinary portland cement, depending on the amount of ggbs in the cementitious.
Sep 20, 2017 the report models supply and demand for fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag up to 2030. This paper presents the experimental test results of types of concrete mixes made with high volume of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs cement with 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% replacement. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag sharjah cement. Blast furnace cement pbfc and high slag blast furnace cement hsbfc, with ggbs content ranging typically from 30 to 70% and in the production of readymixed or sitebatched durable concrete.
Blastfurnace slag cement article about blastfurnace slag. The results of chemical analysis determined according to astm standard c311 12 are shown in table 1. Activation effects and micro quantitative characterization. The secondary pozzolanic reactions can result in reduced pore connectivity.
In this paper, the leaching resistance, strength, and nanostructural alteration of alkaliactivated blast furnace slag aabfs doped with 2% and 5% cesium were investigated. Portland blast furnace cement simply called slag cement refers to the hydraulic binding material ground by mixing portland cement clinker, granular blast furnace slag, and appropriate amount of gypsum, codenamed p s. Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria bs en 15743. Standard specification for slag cement for use in concrete. Ccr binding in hydrated slag was explored by xray diffraction, 29si and 27al magic angle spinning mas nuclear magnetic resonance nmr spectroscopy, and thermodynamic calculations. Experimental behavior of reinforced concrete with partial. The chemical compositions of the cement and slag were measured with the german s4 explorer xray fluorescence spectrometer and are shown in. Pm is 16714 1 march 2019 2 annex a list of test equipment major test equipment required to test as per the. This involves the activation of the slag with alkalis and sulphates in order to form its hydration product. The hydraulicity of the slag is ascribed to the presence of glass co,tent which is. Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement ggbfs is a fine glassy granules which contain cementatious properties. Slag cement is commonly found in readymixed concrete, precast concrete, masonry, soil cement and high temperature resistant building products. Granulated blast furnace slag has a cellular structure resulting from rapid quenching in water, is cementitious in nature, and sets to form a solid concretelike mass.
The russian company stated that the grindingmixing complex is a modern production facility for cement and blast furnace slag cement. Durability properties and microstructure of ground granulated. When used as part of a portland cement concrete, slag reacts with both the water latent hydraulic reaction and the. Slag cement benefits and use in concrete slag cement news. Faculty of engineering and architecture, ghent, belgium, 2011. The producer of the ggbs has to guarantee not to exceed a specific moisture content. Blast furnance slag user guideline portland cement. Manufacturing portland cement pc is a major contributor of greenhouse gases, responsible for about 5 % of all global carbon dioxide emissions habert and roussel 2009. Blast furnace slag cement is the mixture of ordinary portland cement and fine granulated blast furnace slag obtained as a by product in the manufacture of steel with percent under 70% to that of cement. Blast furnace slag cement manufacture, properties and uses. Blast furnace cement an overview sciencedirect topics. Note 1the material described in this specification may be used for blending with portland cement to produce a cement meeting the requirements of specification c 595 or as a separate. Jianping zhu1, qifang zhong1, gaige chen1, dongxu li2.
1272 454 755 1190 152 828 1083 780 1510 1280 1207 205 351 579 1527 292 182 1479 1220 1456 1284 1429 403 203 87 1496 402 809 712 1298 1214 537 439